Design and evaluation of a PMT high-voltage system for Deepsea Neutrino Telescope

Abstract We present the design and characterization of a Cockcroft-Walton (CW) high-voltage system developed for deep-sea neutrino telescopes. The system provides independently adjustable bias voltages to 31 three-inch PMTs inside a hybrid Digital Optical Module (hDOM). This paper describes the system design, control logic, test procedures, and the combined PMT-base performance, including baseline stability, gain uniformity, and timing accuracy. Performance was evaluated in the laboratory conditions that simulate the deep-sea environment. Baseline measurements indicate low and stable electronic noise, while gain calibration using single-photoelectron spectra shows that all PMTs can be tuned to a common nominal gain and remain stable over multi-day operation. Transit-time-spread measurements yield values below 1.8 ns (FWHM), consistent with manufacturer specifications. These results demonstrate that the CW-based system delivers the stability and timing precision required for deep-sea multi-PMT optical modules.