Measuring the extent to which urban residents practice environmental citizenship on a sustainable basis

Abstract The environmental crisis in urban areas requires active community participation to ensure sustainability. This study examines how residents of Pekanbaru City apply the principles of environmental citizenship in their daily lives. Using a Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) approach with Rap-Citizenship software, four dimensions were analyzed: collective action, public sphere, individual action, and private sphere. The results show that the overall sustainability index reached 57.16, categorized as “sustainable.” Among the dimensions, private sphere scored highest (70.38), followed by individual action (56.86) and public sphere (53.73), while collective action was weakest (47.68), indicating challenges in consistency and coordination. Key leverage factors influencing sustainability include community leadership, access to public information, replication of pro-environmental behavior, and sustainable household resource management. These findings highlight the novelty of using MDS-Rap-Citizenship to map the sustainability of urban environmental citizenship and identify priority interventions. The study emphasizes the need for stronger policy support, particularly in enhancing community leadership and institutional responsiveness, as well as providing education and facilities that foster long-term engagement. Strengthening synergy among residents, government, and local communities is therefore essential for building a more sustainable and participatory urban environment.