Analysis of the food supply chain and influencing factors on Bangka island

Abstract Bangka Island, as part of the Bangka Belitung Archipelago, remains highly dependent on external regions to meet its food needs due to limited local agricultural production and the dominance of tin mining activities. This study investigates the structure and performance of the island’s food supply chain, focusing on production, transportation, and distribution stages, and identifies the key factors influencing its efficiency. Data were collected from 80 respondents, including wholesalers, retailers, and transport drivers, using surveys, interviews, and field observations, complemented by secondary data from government agencies and port authorities. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was employed to examine the relationship between nineteen independent variables and overall supply chain performance. The findings reveal that Palembang is the primary external supplier, contributing 57% of total inflows, while Brebes accounts for only 2%. The preferred distribution route is Palembang–Mentok–Puding Besar–Petaling–Pangkalpinang, chosen by 63% of respondents. The regression model (R² = 0.791) confirms that five variables significantly affect supply chain performance: distribution speed, pavement condition, mileage, safety, and accessibility. These results highlight the critical role of infrastructure quality and logistics accessibility in shaping food distribution efficiency. Strengthening transport infrastructure, optimizing routes, and enhancing government involvement are essential to reduce dependency on external suppliers and improve food security on Bangka Island.