Determining flood evacuation routes through network analysis: a case of opas indah subdistrict, Tamansari, Pangkalpinang city

Abstract Climate change, rapid urbanization, and inadequate preparedness have intensified flood risks in low-lying coastal cities such as Pangkalpinang. This study aims to identify effective flood evacuation points and routes in Opas Indah Subdistrict using an integrated spatial and network analysis approach. A quantitative method was employed by combining flood hazard data with the spatial distribution of public facilities. Each facility was evaluated through a scoring and weighting system based on building function, capacity, accessibility, and flood hazard level. The results identified two eligible evacuation points: Kubah Timah Mosque (0.76 ha) and the GPIB Maranatha Church (0.13 ha), providing a total capacity of 0.9 ha. Using ArcGIS Network Analyst with the Closest Facility technique, the optimal evacuation route, extending approximately 2.35 hectares and running parallel to the Rangkui River, was determined as the most feasible path for flood evacuation. The study’s novelty lies in applying network analysis at the micro-urban scale to design spatially adaptive and community-relevant evacuation systems. Policy recommendations highlight the importance of integrating spatially driven evacuation planning into local disaster management strategies, ensuring that future urban planning and contingency policies in Pangkalpinang prioritize accessibility, real-time spatial updates, and community participation to strengthen urban flood resilience.