Electrochemical C–C bond condensation: Frontiers in green synthesis

Abstract Electrochemical C–C bond condensation has emerged as a promising approach in green synthesis, offering an environmentally benign alternative to traditional condensation methods. By replacing stoichiometric chemical oxidants or reductants with electricity, electrochemical strategies reduce hazardous waste generation, improve reaction selectivity, and enable milder conditions. This review highlights recent advances in electrochemical methodologies for C–C bond formation via condensation reactions, with a focus on their mechanistic aspects, reaction scope, and sustainability metrics. Special attention is given to the role of electrode materials, electrolytes, and mediators in tuning reactivity and efficiency. Challenges such as scalability, reaction control, and integration with continuous-flow systems are discussed alongside potential solutions. The review concludes with future perspectives, emphasizing how electrochemical C–C bond condensation can serve as a frontier in green chemistry for sustainable pharmaceutical and fine chemical production.