Performance evaluation of solar tracking configurations for adaptive photovoltaic systems in Jakarta’s tropical context

Abstract The integration of adaptive robotic solar panels into building design offers a promising pathway to increase renewable energy generation, particularly solar energy, in tropical urban contexts. This study investigates a dynamic photovoltaic (PV) system or tracking type installed on the rooftop of the BINUS Anggrek Campus Building in Jakarta using PVGIS simulations. The study also quantifies potential energy yields by evaluating three types of solar panel technologies: silicon-based, CIS, and CdTe, to determine which performs best. The simulation results indicate that adaptive PV installations can improve energy output by approximately 20%, demonstrating the significant performance benefits of sun-tracking systems. Furthermore, the study finds that in equatorial Indonesia, the sun’s near-overhead trajectory during transitional months results in negligible performance differences between inclined-axis and two-axis tracking systems. This suggests that simpler, seasonally adjustable robotic panels on façades and rooftops can deliver comparable energy yields with lower complexity and cost.