Digital Innovation for Sustainable Shrimp Aquaculture in Indonesia: Addressing Disease Outbreaks, Socioeconomic, and Environmental Challenges

Abstract Shrimp aquaculture is a vital component of Indonesia’s coastal economy and food security, yet its long-term viability is significantly challenged by a complex interplay of factors. This manuscript critically examines the primary obstacles hindering sustainable shrimp farming in Indonesia, including the escalating frequency of disease outbreaks, pervasive environmental degradation, issues of insecure land ownership, the scarcity and inconsistent quality of essential agro-inputs, and persistent socio-economic disparities such as worker exploitation and entrenched gender inequality. Through a comprehensive literature review, meticulously conducted following modified PRISMA guidelines and drawing from Scopus, Google Scholar, and pertinent literatures, this study illuminates how deficiencies in disease management, restricted access to land, and the systemic marginalization of women in decision-making processes collectively undermine the sector’s sustainability. In response, this study proposes the conceptualization and development of a Gender-Inclusive Disease Reporting and Monitoring System (DRMS). This innovative, participatory, and data-driven digital platform aims to facilitate real-time information exchange, significantly enhance disease surveillance capabilities, and empower shrimp farmers, particularly women, by integrating their indigenous knowledge with advanced technological solutions. By addressing both technical biosecurity needs and long-standing structural imbalances, the DRMS seeks to foster more resilient, equitable, and environmentally sound aquaculture practices across Indonesia.