Risk management practices in tidal wetland rice agriculture for sustainable food production: a systematic literature review

Abstract Tidal swamp lands have a lot of potential for growing rice and making sure there is enough food, but farming in these areas is limited by environmental, technical, socioeconomic, and institutional risks. This study employs a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of publications [2000–2024] from Scopus and Google Scholar to investigate risk management strategies in tidal rice farming. Flooding, salinity, soil acidity, climate variability, and limited farmer capacity are some of the main risks that have been found. Bibliometric mapping shows that more and more research is being done on sustainable practices and adaptive risk mitigation. The results indicate that integrated strategies—like resilient crop varieties, better water and salinity management, biochar application, and GIS-based tools—boost productivity and farmer resilience, especially when used with traditional knowledge. Weak governance and low farmer participation are still big problems, though. It is very important to strengthen institutions, encourage cooperation, and align with SDGs 2, 13, and 15. Future research ought to prioritise participatory, context-specific methodologies and longitudinal evaluations to inform adaptive policies for sustainable tidal agriculture.