Influence of rice straw combined with liquid smoke on growth and yield performance of sweet corn ( Zea mays saccharata )

Abstract The decline in soil quality and fertility has emerged as a major constraint to the productivity of sweet corn ( Zea mays saccharata ), particularly in systems characterized by intensive agricultural practices. The incorporation of organic amendmen ts such as rice straw and liquid smoke, which are rich in bioactive compounds, has the potential to enhance soil biological functions and promote optimal plant growth. This study was conducted to assess both the individual and combined effects of rice stra w and liquid smoke on the growth parameters and yield components of sweet corn. The variables measured included plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, cob weight per plant (with husks), cob weight per plot (with husks), and yield per hectare. The findings revealed that rice straw compost significantly improved plant height, leaf count, stem thickness, and cob weight, with the most notable improvements observed at an application rate of 6 kg per plot (J3). Liquid smoke fertilizer also exhibited a sig n ificant influence, particularly on leaf number and stem diameter, with optimal results obtained at a concentration of 30 ml/L (A3). A statistically significant interaction effect between the two treatments was observed only for stem diameter, with the mos t favorable result recorded under the combined application of J3 and A3. These results highlight the potential of rice straw and liquid smoke as effective organic inputs to enhance plant growth and yield in sweet corn cultivation. Moreover, their use represents a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical fertilizers, aligning with the goals of environmentally responsible agricultural practices.