Integrated Coastal Environmental Governance for Sustainable Ecotourism: A Case Study of Gili Noko Island, East Java

Abstract This study examines the application of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) principles to enhance sustainable coastal governance on Gili Noko Island, Bawean, Gresik Regency, East Java. The island has high ecotourism potential but faces critical challenges, including progressive coastal erosion, ecosystem degradation, limited infrastructure, and fragmented inter-village governance. A qualitative case study analyzed ecological conditions, governance structures, community participation, and inter-institutional collaboration. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with local stakeholders, and satellite imagery analysis from 2018 to 2024. Results show a 19.3% reduction in land area over six years, with the western and southern coasts most affected. ICZM principles—cross-sectoral coordination, spatial zoning, ecosystem-based management, and risk mitigation—remain partially implemented. Community involvement exists but is sporadic and lacks institutional support. This study contributes conceptually by situating ICZM within Indonesia’s local governance context, integrating ecosystem conservation, community-based tourism, and adaptive infrastructure planning. The proposed model aligns with the island’s socio-ecological characteristics and may be replicable in other developing-country coastal areas facing similar challenges. Policy recommendations include creating inter-village governance forums, formalizing zoning plans, and adopting eco-friendly, adaptive infrastructure to advance sustainable ecotourism.