Review and Risk Analysis of the Ship’s Electrical System Maintenance: A Case Study of KM. Bukit Raya

Abstract Onboard electrical system failures have become a serious problem that is on the rise in the global maritime industry, with significant implications for operational safety and economic impact. This study compiles electrical system failure data from various international sources to provide a comprehensive picture of the scale, causes, and implications of this problem. The case study raised in this study is the KM: Bukit Raya, a passenger ship chosen by the Indonesian government. The study aims to analyze electrical treatment to identify the factors that cause the non-optimal and the emerging risks and risk reduction efforts. The research methodology involves interviews, archival analysis, and literature review. The results show that 90% of the electrical components of KM. Bukit Raya has passed the optimal working period. Causative factors include lack of resources, training, procedures, communication, and safety culture. The waters of Indonesia and Southeast Asia are high-risk areas with seasonal patterns in the monsoon season. Specific cases, such as the RMS Queen Mary 2 blackout and the Clonlee shipwreck, illustrate the complexity of issues involving capacitor failures and a lack of compliance with maintenance standards. The findings emphasize the need for predictive maintenance, comprehensive crew training, compliance with international standards (IEC 60092, SOLAS), and developing emergency response protocols to mitigate the risk of electrical system failure.