Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission analysis study using LCA method on foam mortar application to reduce carbon footprint of bridge construction project

Abstract Mortar foam work is one of the contributors to global climate change that affects various aspects of life, including infrastructure development. Bridge construction contributes significant carbon emissions due to the use of heavy materials and high energy consumption during production and construction processes. The city of Yogyakarta, as an area with ever-increasing development activities, also faces challenges in effectively managing carbon emissions. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method is an important approach to comprehensively measure and analyse the environmental impact throughout the life cycle of materials and construction processes. This study shows that large-scale mortar form, namely Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS) 800 KPa with volume 58,606 m 3 and UCS 2000 KPa with volume 15,662 m 3 , produces a total carbon emission impact from global warning amounting to 2.87E8 Kg CO 2 eq. The LCA analysis was conducted comprehensively, from raw material production and transportation to the construction process, using SimaPro 2016 Midpoint (H) software. The study results show that the process unit with the highest carbon emissions is the delivery of mortar foam material to the spreading location, with carbon emissions of 59,408.73 Kg CO 2 eq. Both conventional and non-conventional production processes also contribute significantly to environmental impacts. The five highest impacts identified are global warning, fossil resource scarcity, human non-carcinogenic toxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and ozone formation, terrestrial ecosystem. This study recommends placing modular batching closer to the mortar foam material spreading site, which can also support a carbon footprint reduction of up to 1.52E8 Kg CO 2 eq or equivalent to a potential impact reduction of 54.29% at the mortar foam unit work scale, and encourage more sustainable infrastructure development.