Socioeconomic drivers and spatial energy patterns in rapidly urbanizing Qatar: implications for renewable energy integration and sustainable policy design

Abstract This study offers a detailed methodological framework for optimizing renewable energy integration in Qatar, focusing on spatial and techno-economic aspects to boost sustainability. The analysis uses electricity consumption data from 1,000 residential units across various zones in Qatar, including Al-Wakra, Doha Al-Jadeda, and Mushareb. Using geospatial analysis in ArcGIS Pro, this study examined electricity consumption patterns and the role of green spaces in urban cooling. A nine-step process combines high-resolution consumption data, socioeconomic indicators, and spatial regression techniques to evaluate demand changes and guide targeted energy strategies. The results reveal a high concentration of electricity use in Doha, an unequal distribution of green spaces, and an anticipated increase in energy demand due to urban growth. Electricity consumption levels ranged from very low (