Measuring circular business-model maturity in packaging & containers: a context-aware framework and baseline for Colombia

Abstract This study addresses the absence of a sector-sensitive maturity assessment for circular business models in the Packaging and Containers (P&C) value chain. Existing models are largely sector-agnostic and overlook boundary conditions common in Latin America— Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) scope/enforcement, reverse-logistics capacity, data traceability, and secondary-material markets. The following framework develops and validates a P&C-specific instrument that measures nine determinants organized into three spheres: E1 Sustainable Value Chain (D1 triple impact; D2 circular strategies; D3 life cycle), E2 Strategy (D4 business purpose; D5 business environment; D6 circular objectives), and E3 Business Model (D7 value delivery; D8 value creation; D9 value capture). Using an exploratory–sequential mixed-methods design (PRISMA-style review; Delphi-style expert panels; sectoral survey, n = 60), we calibrate and weigh questions in the model, test validity/reliability, and report transparent scoring and maturity levels tailored to P&C. By identifying specific capability gaps, this framework serves as a diagnostic roadmap for firms to transition from limited regulatory compliance to higher maturity levels characterized by through measurable reductions in resource intensity and waste generation, contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).