Analysis and design of IDN-FOPD controller for frequency regulation of electric energy system

Abstract The current study focuses on the implementation of a DE tuned IDN-FOPD controller to regulate the frequency in a two-area non-reheat thermal system. The proposed Controller parameters are optimized using DE technique by using ITAE as the objective function. Single and double disturbances are used to evaluate the system’s performance. The simulation results reveal that the IDN-FOPD controller exhibits superior performance compared to the published DE and hBFOA-PSO-tuned PI controllers when applied to the same power system. In comparison to DE-PI and hBFOA-PSO-PI controllers, the ITAE value for DE-IDN-FOPD decreased by 68.09% and 61.80%, respectively. Additionally, the system parameter is changed from its nominal values to conduct a sensitivity analysis. The proposed controller demonstrates robustness, as it maintains effective performance even when the system undergoes substantial changes in its parameters, without requiring adjustments to the controller gains. The study is extended to a single-area power system(PS) with three sources in order to justify the efficacy of the suggested approach. In order to highlight the significance and wider applicability of the suggested method, the study is also extended to two-area non-linear PS, taking into account the impact of GDB non-linearity. The effectiveness of the suggested DE tuned IDN-FOPD controller in managing system response is assessed relative to hBFOA-PSO tuned PI and GWO tuned PID controller under identical non-linear PS. Finally, the effectiveness of the suggested approach is comprehensively validated through the investigation of randomly generated load patterns.