Optimal PID control using Black-winged Kite Algorithm to minimize current stress in dual active bridge converters

Abstract The application of Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converters is very common in High-frequency isolated power conversion systems due to their ability for bidirectional power flow and galvanic isolation. However, high current stress across the switching devices remains a critical challenge in DAB converters, resulting in increased conduction and switching losses, reduced efficiency, and a shortened lifespan. The Black-winged Kite Algorithm (BKA) optimised Proportional-Integral-Derivative is presented in this paper, and the controller focuses on reducing the existing stress in DAB converters. In this method, the phase shift and PID gains are dynamically tuned to reduce the RMS current, shorten tracking time, and improve tracking efficiency. Optimizing current stress minimization in DAB converters is done by using the proposed BKA approach. The implementation is performed by the MATLAB system, and the execution time was calculated as part of the present procedure. All those existing methods, such as GWO, ICOA, and COA, were observed to give the best results with respect to the presented BKA method. According to the results, an RMS current of 2.80 A, a tracking efficiency of 99.98%, and a tracking time of 0.012 s were found from the proposed method. The optimal controller (PID) gives better results as compared to the MPC. These results confirm that the proposed BKA method is giving lower RMS current and less tracking time compared to the existing approaches. The proposed method gives higher tracking efficiency at the desired operating point with fewer oscillations in current, hence giving minimum current stress on the PV system.