Ag and Pt nanoparticle loaded laser induced graphene for enhanced capacitive glucose sensing

Abstract Laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes have gained interest for non-enzymatic analyte sensing applications due to their low cost, flexibility, and favorable electrochemical properties. In this study, we investigate the effects of Ag and Pt nanoparticle (NP) surface modification on the capacitive glucose sensing performance of LIG electrodes. LIG was fabricated at varying laser fluences and subsequently decorated with different NP loadings to evaluate interfacial capacitance changes in 1 M KCl electrolyte. Electrochemical characterization revealed that a 10 μg ml −1 NP loading concentration yielded the highest sensitivity — 0.0449 and 0.052 mF (mM·cm) −2 for Ag- and Pt-modified LIG, respectively — with the lowest detection limit of 1.29 μM achieved by Ag-LIG. Although the study is limited to controlled electrolyte conditions without interference or selectivity tests, the results demonstrate a measurable enhancement in glucose sensitivity compared to pristine LIG. These findings support the potential of metal-NP loaded LIG for cost-effective glucose sensing in high-concentration environments such as food fermentation monitoring.