Enhancing PV panel performance through water sprinkling: an experimental study in Bhimavaram

Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) panels in tropical areas like Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, encounter major efficiency issues due to dust buildup and high temperatures, impacting energy generation. This study examines experimental data from a 975 Wp multicrystalline PV array at SRKR Engineering College’s EEE Department (16.543658°N, 81.495646°E), collected from February 17 to March 13, 2025, under an average irradiance of 800 W m −2 , with peaks reaching 903 W m −2 . Results show a 25.44% performance drop from dust and a 3.51% decline at 62 °C, equating to a 0.4% loss per degree Celsius above 25 °C. To counter this, a low-cost automated sprinkler system is recommended, priced at ₹2000–₹3000, featuring a waterproof temperature sensor, a relay-operated pump, and well-placed sprinklers. Integrated with a rainwater collection and reuse system, it aims to boost performance by 3%–5% (potentially up to 15%) while supporting eco-friendly building standards. This approach aids India’s 500 GW renewable energy goal by 2030, providing a scalable solution for tropical regions. Long-term field trials are advised to confirm its effectiveness.