The nature of conflict

Abstract Chapter 1 discusses the nature of conflict within biodiversity conservation, emphasizing that protecting nature inevitably involves addressing conflicts over access, benefits, and wildlife management. Such conflicts, often driven by historical, social, and cultural differences, can escalate into complex and prolonged struggles. Human–wildlife conflicts, for instance, are disagreements between people exacerbated by fears, perceptions, and underlying social tensions. The chapter stresses the importance of conflict resolution skills for conservation scientists, who are often unprepared to handle these complex situations. Addressing biodiversity conflicts holistically is essential to protect both nature and local communities’ rights, ensuring fair and equitable access to resources. It concludes by emphasizing the need for foresight and interdisciplinary approaches to prevent and manage conflicts, making long-term conservation efforts sustainable.