Levels of conflict

Abstract Chapter 5 explores the complexity of conflicts in biodiversity conservation, focusing on different levels of conflict and how they influence resolution strategies. The chapter introduces a model to classify conflicts into three levels: Level 1 involves practical disputes, such as property damage by wildlife, which can be resolved through negotiation. Level 2 encompasses deeper issues with historical grievances, requiring more comprehensive intervention. Level 3 represents deeply entrenched, identity-based conflicts that are highly resistant to resolution. The chapter emphasizes the importance of conflict analysis in selecting appropriate approaches and warns against underestimating or overestimating conflict intensity. It highlights the risks of inadequate interventions, which may worsen conflicts, and stresses the need for tailored, conflict-sensitive strategies to ensure sustainable solutions.