Mapping memories

Abstract This chapter explores the operation of memory systems and their components, emphasising the need for encoding, storage, and retrieval for effective memory functioning. It clarifies the distinction between short-term memory and long-term memory, addressing common misunderstandings. The chapter presents how memory is subdivided into distinct functional elements, such as sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. It also discusses the development of memory models, including Atkinson and Shiffrin’s three-stage model, and the influence of research on understanding memory. Finally, the chapter concludes by exploring how contemporary models, including working memory, refine our understanding of these memory components.