Belief

Abstract This chapter explores the complexity of belief and argues that human cognition exhibits three archetypal features: dumbness, coldness, and cynicism. It suggests that belief formation is automatic and effortless, driven by repetition or cognitive load, making it “dumb.” Despite this, people can update beliefs rationally when the information does not challenge core beliefs, demonstrating the “cold” aspect of belief. Additionally, humans show a “cynical” tendency to reject implausible or unreliable information, often due to cognitive rejection mechanisms. The chapter critiques other theories that focus solely on cynicism in belief, arguing that they overlook the multifaceted mechanisms that shape belief formation and revision. Finally, it presents a psychofunctionalist theory, aiming to unify the various cognitive processes underlying belief formation and adjustment.