Liminalities of Faith

Abstract This chapter continues the theme of sacred liminality through a discussion of those whose musical work and faith cross religious boundaries. Through the lens of dual faith—those who celebrate two different faith traditions—the chapter examines the connection between vernacular and official Catholicism in Ireland; Japanese Shintō-Buddhism; and Brazilian Candomblé practitioners blending African and Portuguese Catholic elements. In each case, the borders between the two faith traditions are permeable and facilitated through performance and behavior. The chapter then focuses on Hinduism and Islam within the sung poetry ensemble of West Java as an example of being a devout believer in one monotheistic faith tradition while singing the songs of another, older polytheistic tradition.