Unexpectedly Strong Bridges

Abstract Chapter 2 provides an overview of stability and change in social networks, with closed networks preserving trust as the status quo, and brokerage driving change associated with innovation and advantage. A surprising finding emerges: Many trusting, emotionally close relationships in the networks of Chinese entrepreneurs also serve as bridges—connections traditionally thought to be weak. This contradicts classic network theory, which holds that brokers gain advantage from weak ties connecting otherwise unconnected groups. Yet, the data reveal that many bridge ties are strong—trusted relationships that helped entrepreneurs during major events. The implication: Brokerage need not be fragile. Some brokers succeed not despite trust, but because of it. Their “strong bridges” defy the assumed trade-off between trust and structural advantage, challenging foundational assumptions about network advantage. If confirmed, this finding reshapes network theory: Relational quality—particularly trust developed through personal history—can enhance the benefits of structural position.