The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis and Basic Concepts in Evolution

Abstract The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES) differs from the Standard Theory (ST) in explaining the meaning of at least six fundamental constructs in the theory of evolution. The EES definition of “species” and “natural selection” is more compatible with Darwin’s original definitions, with “species” losing the potential for essentialism and “natural selection” being a result of differential reproductive success rather than a cause. Also, for EES, adaptation requires extensive investigation to demonstrate its role in evolution and not just rational argument. “Genes” lose their explanatory privileges in EES, and the notion of “human nature” becomes trivial. “Inheritance” broadens to include ecological conditions and becomes holistic. In EES, developmental biology (particularly in the form of Ecological Evo-Devo) is restored as an equal partner with natural selection and heredity for understanding evolution.