States of solidarity

Abstract The concluding chapter of this monograph argues that twenty-first-century states must evolve into ‘states of solidarity’ to meet the goals of fairness, security, and societal prosperity. It critiques hegemonic views that hold ‘external’ developments such as globalization responsible for the failure of many states to meet these goals, highlighting instead the erosion of states’ capacities to care for people and the planet. The chapter identifies four key features of caring states: deep democracy, the prioritization of satisfying people’s basic needs, innovative forms of citizenship that transcend territorial boundaries, and ecological stewardship. These features are essential to create good states in the twenty-first century. By adopting solidarity-based principles, states can foster inclusivity, sustainability, and resilience in the face of contemporary crises.