Black parent-child ethnic-racial socialization reporting discrepancies and links with youth's ethnic-racial identity

Child Development 2026 Open access

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Authors: N Keita Christophe, Shayndel Jim, Tripat K. Rihal, Felicia J. Gutierrez, Ariane Desmarais, Josefina Bañales, Elan C. Hope, Ming-Te Wang
DOI: 10.1093/chidev/aacaf046
Cited by: 1
References: 46

Abstract

This study used latent difference score modeling to identify parent- and child-reported discrepancies in parental cultural socialization (teaching about one's racial group) and preparation for bias (teaching about racism and coping) reports and relations to youth ethnic-racial identity in two samples of Black parent-adolescent dyads. Across Study 1 (collected 2016, cross--sectional, Ndyads = 604, youth Mage = 15.44, 47.5% girls, 84.6% mothers) and 2 (two waves, collected 2021-2022, Ndyads = 149, youth Mage = 14.93, 57% girls, 87.9% mothers), dyads did not report discrepant levels of parental cultural socialization. In Study 1, youth reported receiving more preparation for bias than parents reported giving; the opposite pattern emerged in Study 2. Between-study differences highlight complex relational processes underlying socialization and identity.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Racial and Ethnic Identity Research Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Cultural Differences and Values

Publication details

Journal / source
Child Development
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Volume
97
Issue
2
Pages
532–545
Publication date
6 January 2026
Language
EN