Immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis: when profound troponin elevation diverges from unremarkable imaging

ESC Heart Failure 2026 Open access

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Authors: Roel S Driessen, P Stefan Biesbroek, Philippe J. van Rosendael, Jeroen Slaats, Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels, Jasper L. Selder, Roeland Lameris, Mariëtte Labots, Hans W.M. Niessen, Marco J Götte
DOI: 10.1093/eschf/xvag029
Cited by: 1
References: 10

Abstract

Myocarditis is a rare but severe immune-related adverse event (irAE) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These agents block inhibitory checkpoint molecules on T cells, such as programmed death (PD)-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4, enhancing T-cell activation and boosting immune responses against tumours.1 Immune checkpoint inhibitors have rapidly emerged as a cornerstone in oncology, improving survival across various malignancies. However, their use is associated with a range of irAEs, including myocarditis. Although the incidence of ICI-associated myocarditis is reported to be

Fields of Study & Subjects

Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade

Publication details

Journal / source
ESC Heart Failure
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Volume
13
Issue
2
Publication date
23 January 2026
Language
EN