High Prevalence and Genotypic Diversity of Persistent Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections Among South African Adolescent Girls and Young Women: A Tale of Two Cities

The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2026 Open access

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Authors: Smritee Dabee, Shaun Barnabas, Bart Versteeg, Brian Kullin, Shameem Z Jaumdally, Hoyam Gamieldien, Nonhlanhla N. Mkhize, E. E. Muller, Venessa Maseko, Katherine Gill, Darren P Martin, Glenda Gray
+5 more Linda-Gail Bekker, David A. Lewis, Heather B. Jaspan, Sylvia M Bruisten, Jo-Ann S. Passmore
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiag023
Cited by: 2
References: 15

Abstract

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection globally, significantly affecting adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in South Africa. This study investigated CT prevalence and genotypic diversity among 298 AGYW from Cape Town and Johannesburg, revealing an overall prevalence of 29.5%. Prevalence was higher in Cape Town (41.6%) compared to Johannesburg (17.4%; P < .0001). Genetic analysis identified 34 sequence types, including 15 novel variants. Longitudinal data highlighted frequent reinfections or persistent infections despite treatment. These findings underscore the importance of addressing CT's genetic diversity for improved reproductive health strategies and vaccine development.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Reproductive tract infections research Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health

Publication details

Journal / source
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Volume
233
Issue
4
Pages
e957–e962
Publication date
6 January 2026
Language
EN