Real-world comparison of enzalutamide and apalutamide in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: a multi-institutional propensity score-matched analysis

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 2026

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Authors: Kazuki Nishimura, Kensuke Hirosuna, Heima Niigawa, Sho Kakumae, Hirofumi Morinaka, Wataru Fukuokaya, Atsuhiko Yoshizawa, Masanobu Saruta, Saizo Fujimoto, Tsuyoshi Morita, Yutaka Yamamoto, Moritoshi Sakamoto
+18 more Taizo Uchimoto, Ryoichi Maenosono, TAKUYA TSUJINO, Kyosuke Nishio, Yuki Yoshikawa, Atsushi Ichihashi, Shutaro Yamamoto, Kosuke Iwatani, Fumihiko Urabe, Keiichiro Mori, Takafumi Yanagisawa, Shunsuke Tsuduki, Kiyoshi Takahara, Teruo Inamoto, Kazutoshi Fujita, Haruhito Azuma, Takahiro Kimura, Kazumasa Komura
DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyag042
Cited by: 2
References: 16

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) such as enzalutamide (Enz) and apalutamide (Apa), in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), are standard for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). However, direct real-world comparisons, particularly in Japanese populations, are limited. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 227 mHSPC patients treated with Enz (n = 112) or Apa (n = 115) plus ADT. Propensity score matching (PSM) adjusted for baseline differences. Primary endpoints were prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, time to castration resistance (TTCR), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: In the matched cohort after PSM, PSA nadir

Fields of Study & Subjects

Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Cancer Lipids and Metabolism

Publication details

Journal / source
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Volume
56
Issue
6
Pages
765–773
Publication date
26 February 2026
Language
EN