A rare case of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma in adult: diagnostic and management challenges

Retroperitoneal ganglioneuromas (RGNs) are a rare form of neuroblastic tumour. Despite being benign they pose significant clinical challenges due to their non-specific symptoms, variable radiographic features and technically difficult resection. We present a case of RGN in a male in his early twenties, with a 4-year history of multiple symptoms including bone and joint pains in his chest, abdomen and right hip. Blood results were normal, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large mass close to L4/L5 nerve roots, overlying the right ureter and inferior vena cava. The mass was resected in a joint case with colorectal and neurosurgical teams and histopathology confirmed ganglioneuroma. This case report contributes valuable insight into the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and surgical management of RGN. We demonstrate the importance of considering this rare diagnosis in the work up of patients with non-specific symptoms and present considerations for surgical resection, advocating for a multidisciplinary approach.