Lifestyle factors and the third healthcare revolution

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant contributor to global cancer-related morbidity and mortality. It is accepted that lifestyle related factors such as obesity, red and processed meat intake, and alcohol contribute to disease development. Other modifiable factors reduce this risk such as exercise and diets rich in fibre, calcium, and vitamin D. As these lifestyle factors are seated in the current or third healthcare revolution, the ability for patient empowerment to influence lifestyle choice may in turn reduce the impact of CRC. This chapter explores the impact of lifestyle factors on primary risk reduction disease development as well as secondary prevention in recurrent disease. There is also discussion of the mechanics of this third healthcare revolution with an emphasis on colorectal cancer care.