Syndrome considerations

Abstract Developmental disorders have multiple potential aetiologies, including genetic, neurological, teratogenic, developmental, and psychiatric. To what extent does knowledge of diagnosis inform clinicians’ understanding and management of the child’s behaviour? Children with a particular diagnosis may present with behaviours that are part of the behavioural phenotype of that diagnosis. This chapter addresses a range of syndrome types (genetic, epileptic, developmental, teratogenic, and mental health), emphasizing how each syndrome may directly or indirectly impact behaviour. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-related and Autism Spectrum Disorder-related behavioural challenges are addressed in depth as these diagnoses constitute a large proportion of paediatric consultations. The chapter discusses behavioural associations of Intellectual Disability, specific learning disorders, motor control disorders, tic disorders/stereotypic movements, sleep disorders, and foetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Behaviours associated with childhood mental disorders are covered systematically.