Prescribing hypnotic agents and controlled substances

Abstract Hypnotic agents are among the most frequently prescribed medications in the community. In addition, many other controlled substances, such as benzodiazepines and opioid medications, are a public health concern through overuse and misuse. This concern is heightened in correctional settings, and treatment decisions should reflect these concerns. Although there is no formal guideline in the United States for the prescription of hypnotic and controlled substances in corrections, there is a developing literature on the subject. In general, sleep medications and controlled substances should be prescribed cautiously in a correctional setting and, whenever possible, should be avoided as first-line treatment or as long-term treatment. Careful assessment, guidelines, thoughtful use of formulary controls, and flexibility will assist in the appropriate prescription of these medications. This chapter evaluates and updates best practices in this area of prescription practice.