Developmental disabilities

Abstract While the purpose of the correctional system is multifaceted, including punishment and removal from society, one component is rehabilitation. With no offender does this seem more relevant than those with developmental disabilities. Although the research is mixed, most studies suggest that individuals with developmental delays commit less serious offenses but serve more time in prison than those without such delays. Opinions are divided on the location of appropriate services for such individuals, whether they should be provided on specialized units or within the general population. However, all agree that specialized services must include appropriate assessment that considers culture and individualized approaches to habilitation. It cannot be presumed that services designed for the individual with mental illness will be appropriate for those with developmental disabilities. This chapter outlines the progress that has been made in the identification and habilitation of individuals with developmental disabilities in the criminal justice system. Definitions, legal issues, and prevalence rates will be discussed, as well as the vulnerabilities individuals with developmental delays present to the criminal justice system. Finally, screening, management, and habilitation in corrections arising directly from these vulnerabilities are discussed, including a brief description of current approaches to assessment and treatment that focus on strengths.