Intussusception

Abstract Intussusception is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in early childhood. Classical presenting features are not always present, so a high index of suspicion is required to ensure timely diagnosis and management. Ultrasonography confirms diagnosis with high accuracy. Following adequate resuscitation, pneumatic enema reduction under fluoroscopic guidance is the treatment of choice, except when there is peritonitis. Repeat delayed enemas are indicated in clinically stable patients where there has been partial reduction with the first attempt. Open or laparoscopic operative reduction is indicated where enema reduction fails and in patients who develop complications such as perforation. National guidelines are being developed to standardize the multidisciplinary management of intussusception. Increased awareness, prompt recognition, and adequate resuscitation, along with appropriate referral and treatment, contribute to improved outcomes. Routine rotavirus vaccination may affect the presentation of intussusception in the future.