Neuroblastoma

Abstract Neuroblastoma represents 10% of childhood solid tumours, with an incidence of 6–8 per million children. The tumours develop in cells derived from the neural crest and may arise in any structure with the crest as its origin. There is an extraordinary variation in the presentation and outcome of the disease, with some patients dying from extensive metastases despite intensive multimodal therapy and others experiencing disappearance of the tumour with no treatment. This chapter outlines the early evolution of treatment, staging, molecular pathology, and predicting the risk of operation.