Respiratory physiology

Abstract The chapter covers knowledge of respiratory physiology that is required for the MRCEM Primary examination. The chapter begins by covering the mechanics of respiration, including lung volumes, lung compliance, airway resistance, and control of the respiratory cycle. It goes on to provide an overview of the lung epithelium and surfactant. The chapter continues by discussing gas exchange and gas transport. Finally, the chapter provides information about ventilation, lung perfusion, VQ mismatch, and the role played by hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. All of the information maps to the RCEM Basic Sciences syllabus, making it relevant to Emergency Medicine practice and the examination.