Principles of investigation

Abstract This chapter provides the reader with a review of common microbiological investigations, including specimen types, culture techniques, microscopic examination, serology, and molecular methods. It then goes on to outline the appropriate specimen choice for common infections, and looks at the principles of microbial culture and the use of light and fluorescent microscopy. The role of serology in diagnosis and the advantages of molecular techniques such as PCR are discussed, with examples of organisms where these methods are particularly useful. All of the information maps to the RCEM Basic Sciences syllabus, making it relevant to Emergency Medicine practice and the examination.