Immune response

Abstract This chapter provides with reader with a review that outlines the components of the normal immune response. These components include physical barriers, innate immunity, and adaptive immunity with T- and B-cell function. The chapter goes on to explain antigen presentation, cytokine signalling, antibody classes, as well as the development of immune memory. The chapter then describes abnormal immune responses, including the four types of hypersensitivity, as well as autoimmunity and immunodeficiency, with some examples of inherited and acquired causes. All of the information maps to the RCEM Basic Sciences syllabus, making it relevant to Emergency Medicine practice and the examination.