Basic nerve conduction and needle EMG

Abstract This chapter covers the basic principles of nerve conduction studies (NCS) and electromyography by systematically going through individual sensory, motor and mixed nerve anatomy and testing. It forms the basis for later chapters, which often refer to the recordings outlined here. Recording protocols for sensory nerve action potentials are covered first followed by those for compound muscle action potentials and the needle electromyography insertion sites for commonly involved muscles. Detailed anatomical drawings are included and recordings listed for all major nerves. Technological challenges and solutions are outlined. Common reference values for latencies, amplitudes, durations, conduction velocities and tolerable asymmetries for NCS recordings are provided.