Disseminated Talaromyces Marneffei Infection as the Initial Manifestation of Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract Talaromyces marneffei is a common cause of opportunistic infections in people with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This infection is characterized by complex and diverse clinical manifestations. Patients with acute human immunodeficiency virus infection typically present with self-limiting viremia symptoms and relatively preserved immune function. Herein, we report the first documented case of disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infection in a 16-year-old male patient, occurring within 2 months of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) exposure and accompanied by a CD4+ T-cell count of 3/μL. After the administration of aggressive antifungal therapy and antiretroviral therapy, the patient exhibited a significant improvement in clinical symptoms, and he was subsequently discharged from the hospital.