What is emergence, after all?

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Authors: Abbas K. Rizi
Cited by: 4
References: 166

Abstract

is increasingly used across scientific disciplines to describe phenomena that arise from interactions among a system's components but cannot be readily inferred by examining those components in isolation. While often invoked to explain higher-level behaviors-such as flocking, synchronization, or collective intelligence-the term is frequently used without precision, sometimes giving rise to ambiguity or even mystique. In this perspective paper, I clarify the scientific meaning of emergence as a measurable and physically grounded phenomenon. Through concrete examples-such as temperature, magnetism, and herd immunity in social networks-I review how collective behavior can arise from local interactions that are constrained by global boundaries. By refining the concept of emergence, it is possible to gain a clearer and more grounded understanding of complex systems. My goal is to show that emergence, when properly framed, offers not mysticism, but rather insight.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life

Publication details

Journal / source
PNAS Nexus
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Volume
5
Issue
2
Pages
pgag010–pgag010
Publication date
19 January 2026
Language
EN