Anesthesiology 5.0: Thriving amid Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity

Anesthesiology is experiencing simultaneous crises of workforce depletion, moral distress, rising complexity, and economic constraint-manifestations of a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous environment. Traditional, efficiency-driven solutions have failed to restore balance and have deepened instability. Anesthesiology 5.0 provides a framework for redesigning perioperative systems around human capacity, shifting responsibility from individual resilience to organizational design. Drawing on Industry 5.0, it emphasizes three interdependent pillars-human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience-as the foundation for reimagining how care is organized and delivered. Provider well-being becomes a prerequisite for patient safety, not an ancillary goal. Technology is reframed as an amplifier of judgment, not a substitute for it. Economic models align with value, not volume. By reframing burnout, moral injury, and disengagement as systemic, not individual failures, Anesthesiology 5.0 offers a strategic lens to restore meaning and reliability in periprocedural care while enabling anesthesiology to thrive amid volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity.