Instructions for Authors

The Editorial Office is pleased to answer any questions you may have about preparing your manuscript in accordance with the guidelines. E-mail: [email protected] AIMS AND SCOPE Infectious Diseases & Immunity (IDI) is an open access, peer-reviewed journal. It is supervised by Chinese Association for Science and Technology, sponsored by Chinese Medical Association, and printed by Chinese Medical Journal Publishing House Co., Ltd. The submission and review system is created by Wolters Kluwer. The Editor-in-Chief, Professor Fu-Sheng Wang, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, works with the editorial board closely. IDI covers the types of Original Article (Basic or Clinical), Consensus and Guideline, Editorial, Commentary, Review, Short Report, Case Report, Research Letter, Perspective, etc. The journal focuses on the new developments in basic and clinical researches in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases and related immunology. It aims to provide a platform of timely academic exchanges and information transmission for scientists and clinical experts in related fields around the world. Areas covered include but not limited to: Bacteriology and Mycology Virology Mycoplasma/Chlamydia Infections Parasitic Diseases Immunology of Infectious Diseases Public Health Epidemiology Hospital Infection Control Immunization & Vaccination Infectious Diseases Technology and developments in the field of Infectious Diseases and Immunity ONLINE SUBMISSION All manuscripts must be submitted online through the website: https://www.editorialmanager.com/idi First-time users Please click the Register button at https://www.editorialmanager.com/idi. Upon successful registration, you will be sent an email providing your username and password. Save this information for future reference. Note: If you have received an email from us with an assigned username and password, or if you are a repeat user, do not register again. Once you have an assigned username and password, you do not have to re-register. Authors Please click the Login button from the menu at the top of the page and login to the system as an author. Submit your manuscript according to the author instructions. You will be able to track the process of your manuscript through the system. JOURNAL POLICIES Duplicate Publication Manuscripts are reviewed for possible publication with the understanding that they are being submitted only to IDI and have not been published, simultaneously submitted, or already accepted for publication elsewhere. The Editorial team may subject any manuscript submitted for consideration of publication in IDI to plagiarism-detection software. This does not preclude consideration of a manuscript that has been rejected by another journal or a complete report that follows publication of preliminary findings elsewhere, usually in the form of an abstract. Copies of any possibly duplicate published material should be submitted with the manuscript under consideration, with a statement in the cover letter as to why the manuscript currently being submitted is not a duplicate publication. Disclosure of Conflicts Authors must state all possible conflicts of interest in the manuscript, including financial, consultant, institutional and other relationships that might lead to bias or a conflict of interest. If there is no conflict of interest, this should also be explicitly stated as none declared. All sources of funding should be acknowledged in the manuscript. All relevant conflicts of interest and sources of funding should be included on the title page of the manuscript with the heading “Conflicts of Interest” and “Funding”. For example: “Conflicts of Interest: A has received honoraria from Company Z. B is on the speaker’s bureau for Organization X-the CME organizers for Company A. For the remaining authors none were declared.” Financial Support and Competing Interests A financial disclosure section is part of the submission process and must be completed by each author at submission. This information is for review by the Editors but will be published if relevant to the content of the accepted manuscript. The primary purpose of the disclosure section is to determine whether authors have received any commercial financial support that could create a conflict of interest. In addition to monetary interests, a potential for conflict of interest can exist whether or not an individual believes that a relationship (such as dual commitments, competing interests, or competing loyalties) affects his or her scientific judgment. Please review ICMJE Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts. Data Availability Statement IDI requires authors to include a Data Availability Statement in any articles that report results derived from research data, from Jan 2023. The provision of a Data Availability Statement will be verified as a condition of publication. Data Availability Statements should include information on where data supporting the results reported in the article can be found including, where applicable, hyperlinks to publicly archived datasets analyzed or generated during the study. Where research data are not publicly available, this must be stated in the manuscript along with any conditions for accessing the data. Data Availability Statements must take one of the following forms (or a combination of more than one if required for multiple types of research data):​​ The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the [NAME] repository, [PERSISTENT WEB LINK TO DATASETS] The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due [REASON WHY DATA ARE NOT PUBLIC] but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files]. The data that support the findings of this study are available from [third party name] but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Data are however available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of [third party name]. Authorship Each author must have contributed sufficiently to the intellectual content of the submission. The corresponding author should list all authors and their contributions to the work. The corresponding author must confirm that he or she has had full access to the data in the study and final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. To qualify as a contributing author, one must meet all of the following criteria: 1) Conceived and/or designed the work that led to the submission, acquired data, and/or played an important role in interpreting the results. 2) Drafted or revised the manuscript. 3) Approved the final version. 4) Agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Contributions by individuals who made direct contributions to the work but do not meet all of the above criteria should be noted in the Acknowledgments section of the manuscript. Generative AI (GenAI) Authors are fully responsible for the content of their manuscript, even those parts produced by GenAI. Authors who have used GenAI in their research and the writing of manuscripts should provide an open, transparent, and detailed description of the use of GenAI (including the name and version of the GenAI tool, when it was used, how it was used, and the process of using it, and, if necessary, annotations for AI-assisted contents dealing with facts and opinions), and review of GenAI, following the body of the text, before the references, or in the method section (e.g., the authors have reviewed and edited the GenAI-produced content, and take full responsibility for the authenticity and accuracy of the content of this paper). It is recommended that authors submit and archive the GenAI-assisted sections (text, figures, programs, etc.) as supplementary material so that reviewers and editors can judge the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the paper. Since GenAI cannot meet the requirements for authorship as they cannot take responsibility for the submitted work, GenAI-related products and developing teams cannot be listed as the author of a paper. GenAI cannot be used to write an entire paper or a significant portion of a paper (e.g., method, result and analysis, etc.). All content that falls under the category of scientific contribution or intellectual labor should be finished by the author. If the main content of the paper is completed using GenAI, the editorial office will handle it as academic misconduct. Plagiarism As defined by the World Association of Medical Editors (http://www.wame.org/resources/publication-ethics-policies-for-medical-journals): Plagiarism is the use of others’ published and unpublished ideas or words (or other intellectual property) without attribution or permission, and presenting them as new and original rather than derived from an existing source. The intent and effect of plagiarism is to mislead the reader as to the contributions of the plagiarizer. This applies whether the ideas or words are taken from abstracts, research grant applications, Institutional Review Board applications, or unpublished or published manuscripts in any publication format (print or electronic). IDI is a member of CrossCheck by CrossRef and iThenticate. iThenticate is a plagiarism screening service that verifies the originality of content submitted before publication. iThenticate checks submissions against millions of published research papers, and billions of web content. Authors, researchers and freelancers can also use iThenticate to screen their work before submission by visiting All of plagiarism are investigated in accordance with the on Publication detailed at plagiarism is at any before or the journal editorial office will take as by the by If plagiarism is the author, the and funding and the original publication will be A statement the providing a to the and to the original paper may on the of the the paper may also be For IDI should a publication Editors have that the findings are as a result of (e.g., data or (e.g., or The findings have been published without permission or of It It IDI by of the on Publication of of is an for publication of clinical in the title page of your manuscript, provide the name of the and the of the clinical include the for for & any publicly available primary of clinical of clinical should the in the of In this statement a and to the of of and a for researchers to report of Research Authors must have the In by the to of ensuring that the data from can be fully and in must to the as a and authors to use the full The relevant information in these should be included in the section of the The following to be by for and the of in Epidemiology the of the of Case Research research on and to data and analysis, and and and are used to data. Authors are to the for primary review and/or of primary can provide a understanding of for of research include and Authors can to the of to information should not be published in and the information is for scientific and the (or or for publication. Authors should from they have from the IDI by ICMJE Authors, not the the to have the form before the publication related to and have the form archived by the author. If the publication that the a statement about the to be in the manuscript. on author should whether the were in accordance with the of the responsible on or and with the For authors are to about of or or review from research and for in the The which be required could as and/or guidelines. of by from or in on whether the or a research or any on the and use of was for by a as as must be by the authors on should be as as possible and the of and used should be The of must be in accordance with the by the for research and World Medical of on for research The journal will not any paper which is A statement on permission and must be included in all research articles under the Review IDI a review where in the reviewers and authors are of each on editorial review process of the submission, editors review all submitted manuscripts for for Manuscripts with scientific or or of a significant are rejected before for Manuscripts that are to be of interest to the of the journal are also to be rejected at this Manuscripts that are found for potential publication of the journal are sent to a of reviewers to the scientific of the manuscript. Authors manuscripts to the journal may reviewers or reviewers who may have competing The reviewers should not be with the as the the of these reviewers is at the of the who reviewers to relevant and reviewers have access to the submitted manuscript and any included by the If the paper is a reviewers will also have access to the review editors in their decision on whether to an article and authors and their reviewers for the analysis, relevant published work which is not and provide to the authors and the reviewers are not of are sent to the authors of review including and review are not articles are to their publication. on the from the the an decision on the manuscript and the and in to the corresponding author, who is to provide a by to and submit a revised version of the manuscript. This process is reviewers and editors are with the manuscript. Manuscripts are accepted on the of and for the Manuscripts received from Editorial Board will be by the and sent to The Editorial Board who submit manuscripts to the journal as authors or will be from publication Manuscripts received from will be by one of the of the journal and will be sent to The contributing will be from of manuscript. Editors are not in about which they have or have been by or or to products or in which the has an interest. submission is subject to the with review of the relevant and their research The authors have the to if they have a to that the editorial board has rejected the paper. If the authors to against the editorial they should email the editorial office [email in the for the The will be acknowledged by the editorial office and will be investigated in an The of will be under the manuscript should not be submitted to other The final decision with the of the journal. are not possible Editorial Consensus & requirements requirements requirements requirements requirements Original Article Review Research requirements Short report Case report and Please that the is included on the page of the manuscript. are articles to the of articles or to provide on in research or have no and are to words which a published article should that article as the reference. and are from on related to clinical and IDI is with and other format requirements the in the format of by A or the and other is that meet will more than those that do are and the should be about words including figures, and Authors of this of articles should their no are are articles that provide a detailed for the research related to infectious diseases and ensuring and The is limited to no more than with and or references, of or Original are of completed or clinical should report and fully completed with are results of The of the article is about words including figures, and The should have the following and in that are of are submitted upon by the for may be in this authors should only an of the paper for and review articles will review to Research must to content published in A Research must the original and a to a must the in the can use an but a must the title of the of This that can track the of may be edited for and journal Authors will be to editorial that the or of a letter or upon a paper published in a and should the by the paper in the of the for may be in this authors should only an of the paper for consideration, including the article are to should be related to articles published in the journal or in the journal or report a or research results. The is limited to no more than without and or references, of one or one of must be stated if the article Short are articles about The is limited to no more than without and or references, of or figures, including Research and of must be stated if the article Case are articles about new of clinical findings or treatment relevant to in infectious diseases and The should be as Case Report, and The should be in the following The title should be and the of the Case report should have an of no more than including the of the subject and about this of the clinical treatment and of the to clinical the report with a to provide information that the and of the being a description of the including all facts relevant to the are of will the of the provide the current information on the In the of that do not of the The should to the main one or from the to other relevant whether they are or to the current for of can be for forms are required at submission for all forms are forms as during submission. AND Manuscripts must be in For Wolters Manuscripts not to Journal format will be to authors for Please the entire main body and each not as the system will those when the is and must be included in the main body Please do not of these only the page must be a and to the main body types for and include and do not submit a The following are required for of manuscript. Editorial, and Perspective, Original Review, Short Case etc. a title of the the title should not be a or for or may be used in article The full and name of each author, as as the of the and to which the work should be for A current email and full for the corresponding author must be The of of and for and for the the references, and Where are limited to which is from the manuscript The should the being in the study, how the study was the and the authors from the results. The a statement of the purpose of the work, the that it, and a of relevant published and detailed description of published and the reference. may be as The results should be and the data. This section should the results and is used to with of possible findings and them with of or (such as Authors should report to (such as from a clinical data are in the the used to of in as a and and the (e.g., For all include the and not than or in in and including and should be by their This section sources of research the of who are not listed as or of any who contributed to the manuscript. Where a or editorial has been used to write or the the must be and with the of disclosure of funding received for this work, of funding from any of the following of Health and Medical If the have no funding to include the authors no conflicts of contributions and potential conflicts of interest. each contributions to the work under and list all forms of support received by each author for this list any potential conflict of interest for each author, or a of no conflict of interest. should on a page and in the in which they are in the text, where they are by and and and published works and manuscripts that have been accepted for publication should be listed in the Manuscripts in unpublished and should be to in in the manuscripts submitted for publication may be as to the If these are the author may them to the section in more than authors should be If there are or only the by should be of journal articles must be and of journal should to The available should be at the of reference. IDI is available for of journal in and of of by and of a of & of of of of and on in in of are not each (including and on a may be included as part of the and the the in in and a title for each Each in the should a heading the data in the to and the the to which they in all that are used in each For use the following in this are in the in Each should be able to be without the text, should be using a and may be included the main body or not more than in the main and in types for include and do not submit or and should be in the available. should be for all are to with the and on a for any being submitted are to be should be according to the in which they have been in the and should be and of The for should be to be to the of a printed or used in should with the and should be with or by and not by and detailed in the for not on the or are submitted the data on which they are should also be The and should be to all the If of individuals are used, their must be by permission to use the If a has been published elsewhere, the original and submit permission from the to the A should in the for for the with corresponding to the or are used to parts of the and each one in the the and the method of in for All final for accepted manuscripts must be submitted in or (such should be at a of or should be at a of and should be at at the The Journal the to or the to an Authors may submit to the information in the manuscript. It is to include all significant and in the manuscript, there is not a on the of in this online journal. may include the following types of text, figures, to information as and should be in the of the submitted manuscript. will be available at the the article and are not by the that Journal for manuscript submission to financial and also apply to Authors should and from content they from the and submit them as at the of the manuscript submission. and must be in one or Each in the should have a in the following name format (e.g., and and a corresponding must in the that is from If providing a should be included on the as the For and also include the author and should be with a screen For each submission, the cannot a of letter by all of funding Conflicts of interest Authors name and name along with name for with not in paper title page (e.g., name of the in study as on name of in etc.). and format only or included at the page all the page the full title of the of words for original and for review and words to should be and the purpose of the article and the for the study or only The in the should be according to the the article without and the full for each at its use in the and it is a of from to at the of the the manuscript for and If a name is the name and and should be in and of data in and and in from which and of and in more than not permission for the full for each used in the as a the and of Health The Journal will you when page are for your The included on are Please the Journal if you have any questions the of the on the For information or the of publication of your accepted manuscript, [email at It is that the final manuscript sent to the is the final so should be required at The Chinese Medical Association is the of all to any articles published in the journal. peer-reviewed research article in this journal will be published open This that the article is and the in in an format publication. The journal does not for submission, or publication of manuscripts and even for of The Chinese Medical Association will to the article open A license the of the article All articles will be published under the following For and the and to include in a work (such as an as as they the and they do not or the The Editorial Office is pleased to answer any questions you may have about preparing your manuscript in accordance with guidelines. E-mail: [email protected] Submit a or https://www.editorialmanager.com/idi