Anti-GAD Autoimmune Encephalitis Following Primate Bocaparvovirus 2 Infection in an Immunocompromised Host

Abstract Primate bocaparvoviruses are a group of viruses within the family Parvovirideae that have been rarely implicated as a causative agent of encephalitis. However, most studies of this virus have solely investigated its role in causing acute encephalitis, and its implication in autoimmune encephalitis has been far less thoroughly investigated. This is likely due to the fact that Primate bocaparvoviruses are not routinely tested for in most patients. Here, we present a case of anti-GAD65 autoimmune encephalitis secondary to Primate bocaparvovirus 2 infection in an immunocompromised hematologic malignancy patient that was detected using modern broad-spectrum molecular diagnostics.