Global, regional, and national burden of nonmalignant digestive diseases, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis from the GBD study 2023

BACKGROUND: This study assesses the global burden of 21 digestive diseases using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 study. METHODS: We analyzed prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by calculating age-standardized rates (ASRs), examining temporal trends, and evaluating associated risk factors. RESULTS: In 2023, the global age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) for digestive diseases was 1017.15 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] [905.18, 1124.33] per 100,000, with an age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of 27.18 [24.26, 30.06]. Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases followed, with an ASDR of 487.22 [430.22, 548.90] and an ASMR of 14.27 [12.73, 15.97]. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was the only cause that presented upward trends in total percent change (TPC). The highest incidence of digestive diseases was observed in the United States Virgin Islands (9304.43 in 2023), while Egypt recorded the highest burden of cirrhosis (1389.31 in 2023). ASDR peaked among infants (