Comparative efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions on emergency delirium in postoperative children: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Emergence delirium (ED) is a distressing complication in pediatric patients following general anesthesia, often resulting in self-injury, extended hospitalization, and emotional distress for families. Although non-pharmacological interventions are being increasingly utilized, their effectiveness remains uncertain. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to 17 November 2024, with an updated search performed on 24 July 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating non-pharmacological interventions in children (
Fields of Study & Subjects
Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
Family and Patient Care in Intensive Care Units
Publication details
- Journal / source
- International Journal of Surgery
- Publisher
- Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 10572–10589
- Publication date
- 19 January 2026
- Language
- EN