Global burden of cardiovascular diseases attributable to diet low in fruits from 1990 to 2021 and forecasting the future trends: A population-based study

This study explores the worldwide burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) associated with insufficient fruit consumption, utilizing insights from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study. The analysis focused on the global, regional, and national consequences of low fruit intake on CVD. It investigated variations across different demographics, including age and gender, and explored the relationship between disease burden and the socio-demographic index. Additionally, an ARIMA model was employed to forecast CVD trends linked to dietary habits through 2050. The 2021 data revealed that inadequate fruit consumption contributed to roughly 1.41 million deaths and 35.32 million disability-adjusted life years from CVD, with a declining pattern observed over recent years. The elderly population, especially those aged 75 and above, and males were particularly susceptible. Future projections suggest a likely increase in CVD incidents in low-socio-demographic index regions, with African countries potentially experiencing heightened challenges by 2030 and 2050 due to poor fruit intake. The study highlights the critical need for preventive strategies aimed at reducing CVD by improving dietary behaviors, specifically by increasing fruit consumption.