Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with no abnormal immunity overlapped with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: A case report

RATIONALE: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) overlapping with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an exceedingly rare disease called Aspergillus overlap syndrome. Fewer than 30 cases have been reported in the literature since 1936. Furthermore, early diagnosis and treatment improve the prognosis of patients, especially those without underlying diseases. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 45-year-old male patient with no underlying disease who was admitted to the hospital with cough, expectoration, fever, and shortness of breath. The patient was diagnosed with pulmonary aspergillosis overlap syndrome, which progressed from IPA to ABPA. DIAGNOSES: IPA overlapping with ABPA. INTERVENTIONS: Early diagnosis and timely anti-Aspergillus and steroid treatment. OUTCOMES: The patient's symptoms improved, and the pulmonary lesions gradually resolved. LESSONS: This study emphasizes that patients with IPA without underlying diseases should be alert to ABPA overlap, and early combination therapy can improve prognosis.